diff --git a/net/adc_netmessage.h b/net/adc_netmessage.h
index 346e4dd..c617559 100644
--- a/net/adc_netmessage.h
+++ b/net/adc_netmessage.h
@@ -23,28 +23,12 @@ namespace adc
 namespace traits
 {
 
-// from message view to byte converter concept
-template <typename T, typename BT, typename VT>
-concept adc_to_bytes_func_c = std::invocable<T, const VT&> && !std::convertible_to<traits::adc_retval_t<T>, BT>;
-
-
-// from bytes to message view converter concept
-template <typename T, typename BT, typename VT>
-concept adc_from_bytes_func_c = std::invocable<T, const BT&> && std::convertible_to<traits::adc_retval_t<T>, VT>;
-
-
-template <typename T, typename BT, typename VT>
-concept adc_netmsg_converter_c = requires(T t) {
-    {
-        t.template serialize<BT, VT>(std::declval<const VT&>())
-    } -> std::same_as<BT>;
-    {
-        t.template deserialize<VT, BT>(std::declval<const BT&>())
-    } -> std::same_as<VT>;
+template <typename T>
+concept adc_output_range_of_char_range_c = requires {
+    requires std::ranges::output_range<T, std::ranges::range_value_t<T>>;
+    requires std::ranges::output_range<std::ranges::range_value_t<T>, char>;
 };
 
-struct AdcTheSameTypeTag {
-};
 
 }  // namespace traits
 
@@ -52,11 +36,10 @@ struct AdcTheSameTypeTag {
 namespace utils
 {
 
-template <traits::adc_output_char_range T,
-          std::ranges::output_range<T> OutR,
+template <traits::adc_output_range_of_char_range_c OutR,
           traits::adc_input_char_range InR,
           traits::adc_input_char_range DelimT = std::string_view>
-size_t adcSplitRangeToTokens(OutR& result, const InR& input, const DelimT& delim = std::string_view(" "))
+size_t AdcSplitCharRangeToTokens(OutR& result, const InR& input, const DelimT& delim = std::string_view(" "))
 {
     decltype(std::ranges::split_view(input, delim)) vv;
 
@@ -68,62 +51,30 @@ size_t adcSplitRangeToTokens(OutR& result, const InR& input, const DelimT& delim
 
     std::ranges::copy(vv, std::back_inserter(result));
 
+    // return number of tokens
     return std::ranges::distance(vv.begin(), vv.end());
 }
 
 }  // namespace utils
 
 
-template <std::ranges::output_range<char> ByteStorageT,
-          std::ranges::output_range<std::reference_wrapper<const ByteStorageT>> StorageSeqT>
 class AdcNetMessageInterface
 {
-protected:
-    ByteStorageT _byteStorage;
-    StorageSeqT _storageSequence;
-
-    AdcNetMessageInterface() : _byteStorage(), _storageSequence({_byteStorage}){};
-
-    template <traits::adc_input_char_range T, traits::adc_input_char_range... Ts>
-    AdcNetMessageInterface(const T& v, const Ts&... vs) : AdcNetMessageInterface()
-    {
-        appendBytes(v, vs...);
-    }
-
-    virtual ~AdcNetMessageInterface() = default;
-
-    AdcNetMessageInterface(const AdcNetMessageInterface&) = default;
-    AdcNetMessageInterface(AdcNetMessageInterface&&) = default;
-
-    AdcNetMessageInterface& operator=(const AdcNetMessageInterface&) = default;
-    AdcNetMessageInterface& operator=(AdcNetMessageInterface&&) = default;
-
-
-    virtual void updateState() = 0;
-
 public:
-    typedef ByteStorageT byte_storage_t;
-    typedef StorageSeqT storage_seq_t;
-
-    bool messageEmpty() const { return byteSize() == 0; }
-
-    bool byteStorageEmpty() const
-    {
-        size_t sz = std::ranges::distance(_byteStorage.begin(), _byteStorage.end());
-        return sz == 0;
-    }
+    typedef std::vector<std::string_view> output_seq_t;
 
+    bool messageEmpty() const { return _outputSequence.empty(); }
 
     template <typename T, typename... Ts>
     void appendBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
     {
-        if constexpr (std::is_array_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_array_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>) {  // to handle with trailing '\0' in plain char array
             appendBytes(std::string_view(v), vs...);
         } else {
             if constexpr (traits::adc_input_char_range<T>) {
-                std::ranges::copy(v, std::back_inserter(_byteStorage));
+                std::ranges::copy(v, std::back_inserter(_storageSequence.emplace_back()));
             } else if constexpr (traits::formattable<T>) {
-                std::format_to(std::back_inserter(_byteStorage), v);
+                std::format_to(std::back_inserter(_storageSequence.emplace_back()), v);
             } else {
                 static_assert(false, "UNSUPPORTED TYPE!!!");
             }
@@ -139,128 +90,113 @@ public:
     template <typename T, typename... Ts>
     void setBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
     {
-        _byteStorage = ByteStorageT();
+        _storageSequence.clear();
+        _outputSequence.clear();
+
         appendBytes(v, vs...);
     }
 
 
 
-    // template <traits::adc_input_char_range T, traits::adc_input_char_range... Ts>
-    // void appendBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
-    // {
-    //     if constexpr (std::is_array_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>) {
-    //         appendBytes(std::string_view(v), vs...);
-    //     } else {
-    //         std::ranges::copy(v, std::back_inserter(_byteStorage));
-    //     }
-    //     if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts)) {
-    //         appendBytes(vs...);
-    //     }
-    // }
-
-
-    // template <traits::formattable T, traits::formattable... Ts>
-    // void appendBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
-    // {
-    //     std::format_to(std::back_inserter(_byteStorage), v);
-
-    //     if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts)) {
-    //         appendBytes(vs...);
-    //     }
-    // }
-
     template <std::input_iterator IterT>
     void appendBytes(IterT begin, IterT end)
     {
-        std::copy(begin, end, std::back_inserter(_byteStorage));
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::iter_value_t<IterT>, char>, "INVALID ITERATOR VALUE TYPE!!!");
+
+        std::ranges::copy(begin, end, std::back_inserter(_storageSequence.emplace_back()));
 
         updateState();
     }
 
 
-    // template <traits::adc_input_char_range T, traits::adc_input_char_range... Ts>
-    // void setBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
-    // {
-    //     _byteStorage = ByteStorageT();
-    //     appendBytes(v, vs...);
-
-    //     updateState();
-    // }
-
-
-    // template <traits::formattable T, traits::formattable... Ts>
-    // void setBytes(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
-    // {
-    //     _byteStorage = ByteStorageT();
-    //     appendBytes(v, vs...);
-
-    //     updateState();
-    // }
-
-
     template <std::input_iterator IterT>
     void setBytes(IterT begin, IterT end)
     {
-        _byteStorage = ByteStorageT(begin, end);
+        _storageSequence.clear();
+        _outputSequence.clear();
 
         appendBytes(begin, end);
-
-        updateState();
     }
 
 
-
-    virtual size_t byteSize()
+    virtual size_t byteSize() const
     {
-        auto v = _storageSequence |
-                 std::views::transform([](const auto& el) -> const ByteStorageT& { return el.get(); }) |
-                 std::views::join;
+        if (_outputSequence.empty()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        auto v = _outputSequence | std::views::join;
 
         return std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), v.end());
     }
 
 
-    virtual ByteStorageT bytes()
+    template <traits::adc_output_char_range R>
+    size_t bytes(R& r)
     {
-        auto v = _storageSequence |
-                 std::views::transform([](const auto& el) -> const ByteStorageT& { return el.get(); }) |
-                 std::views::join;
+        if (_outputSequence.empty()) {
+            return 0;
+        }
 
-        return ByteStorageT{v.begin(), v.end()};
+        auto v = _outputSequence | std::views::join;
+
+        std::ranges::copy(v, std::back_inserter(r));
+
+        return std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), v.end());
     };
 
-    virtual const StorageSeqT& storageSeq() = 0;
+    virtual const output_seq_t& storageSeq() = 0;
+
+protected:
+    std::vector<std::string> _storageSequence;
+
+    output_seq_t _outputSequence;
+
+    AdcNetMessageInterface() : _storageSequence(), _outputSequence() {};
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    AdcNetMessageInterface(const T& v, const Ts&... vs) : AdcNetMessageInterface()
+    {
+        appendBytes(v, vs...);
+    }
+
+    virtual ~AdcNetMessageInterface() = default;
+
+    AdcNetMessageInterface(const AdcNetMessageInterface&) = default;
+    AdcNetMessageInterface(AdcNetMessageInterface&&) = default;
+
+    AdcNetMessageInterface& operator=(const AdcNetMessageInterface&) = default;
+    AdcNetMessageInterface& operator=(AdcNetMessageInterface&&) = default;
+
+    virtual bool byteStorageEmpty() const
+    {
+        for (const auto& el : _storageSequence) {
+            if (!el.empty()) {
+                return false;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void updateState()
+    {
+        // just add view to byte data
+        _outputSequence.emplace_back(_storageSequence.back());
+    };
 };
 
 
 /*   GENERIC (NOTHING SPECIAL) NETWORK MESSAGE   */
 
-template <std::ranges::output_range<char> ByteStorageT = std::vector<char>>
-class AdcGenericNetMessage
-    : public AdcNetMessageInterface<ByteStorageT, std::array<std::reference_wrapper<const ByteStorageT>, 1>>
+class AdcGenericNetMessage : public AdcNetMessageInterface
 {
-    using base_t = AdcNetMessageInterface<ByteStorageT, std::array<std::reference_wrapper<const ByteStorageT>, 1>>;
-
 public:
-    using typename base_t::byte_storage_t;
-    using typename base_t::storage_seq_t;
-
-    // using base_t::appendBytes;
-    // using base_t::setBytes;
-
-    using base_t::base_t;
+    using AdcNetMessageInterface::AdcNetMessageInterface;
 
     virtual ~AdcGenericNetMessage() = default;
 
-    const storage_seq_t& storageSeq() override
-    {
-        this->_storageSequence[0] = this->_byteStorage;
-
-        return this->_storageSequence;
-    };
-
-protected:
-    void updateState() override {}
+    const output_seq_t& storageSeq() override { return _outputSequence; };
 };
 
 
@@ -274,187 +210,222 @@ static constexpr char ADC_DEFAULT_PARAM_PARAM_DELIMITER[] = " ";
 }  // namespace constants
 
 
-template <const char* TOKEN_DELIM = constants::ADC_DEFAULT_TOKEN_DELIMITER,
-          std::ranges::output_range<char> ByteStorageT = std::vector<char>>
-class AdcTokenNetMessage : public AdcGenericNetMessage<ByteStorageT>
+template <const char* TOKEN_DELIM = constants::ADC_DEFAULT_TOKEN_DELIMITER>
+class AdcTokenNetMessage : protected AdcNetMessageInterface  // (hide setBytes/appendBytes)
 {
-    using base_t = AdcGenericNetMessage<ByteStorageT>;
+    using base_t = AdcNetMessageInterface;
 
 public:
     static constexpr std::string_view tokenDelimiter{TOKEN_DELIM};
 
-    using typename base_t::byte_storage_t;
-    using typename base_t::storage_seq_t;
+    AdcTokenNetMessage() = default;
 
-    using base_t::base_t;
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    AdcTokenNetMessage(const T& v, const Ts&... vs) : AdcTokenNetMessage()
+    {
+        appendTokens(v, vs...);
+    }
 
     virtual ~AdcTokenNetMessage() = default;
 
-    template <std::ranges::input_range R>
-    void appendTokens(const R& r)
-    {
-        using el_t = std::ranges::range_value_t<R>;
-        static_assert(traits::adc_input_char_range<el_t> || traits::formattable<el_t>,
-                      "INVALID TYPE OF INPUT TOKENS!!!");
 
-        size_t n_toks = 0;
-        if ((n_toks = std::ranges::distance(r.begin(), r.end())) == 0) {
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    void appendTokens(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
+    {
+        if constexpr (traits::adc_input_char_range<T> || traits::formattable<T>) {
+            this->appendBytes(v);
+        } else if constexpr (std::ranges::input_range<T>) {
+            using el_t = std::ranges::range_value_t<T>;
+            static_assert(traits::adc_input_char_range<el_t> || traits::formattable<el_t>,
+                          "INVALID TYPE OF INPUT TOKENS!!!");
+
+            if (std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), v.end())) {
+                for (const auto& el : v) {
+                    this->appendBytes(el);
+                }
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "INVALID TYPE OF INPUT TOKENS!!!");
+        }
+
+        if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts)) {
+            appendTokens(vs...);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+    void setTokens(const T& v, const Ts&... vs)
+    {
+        _storageSequence.clear();
+        _outputSequence.clear();
+
+        appendTokens(v, vs...);
+    }
+
+    template <traits::adc_output_range_of_char_range_c R>
+    void tokens(R& r, size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
+    {
+        if (byteStorageEmpty()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        if (!this->byteStorageEmpty()) {
-            this->appendBytes(tokenDelimiter);
-        }
-
-        auto v_start = r | std::views::take(n_toks - 1);
-        for (const auto& el : v_start) {
-            this->appendBytes(el);
-            this->appendBytes(tokenDelimiter);
-        }
-
-        this->appendBytes(*(r.end()--));  // last element
-    }
-
-
-    template <std::ranges::input_range R>
-    void setTokens(const R& r)
-    {
-        this->_byteStorage = ByteStorageT();
-        appendTokens(r);
-    }
-
-    template <std::ranges::output_range<ByteStorageT> R>
-    void tokens(R& r)
-    {
-        if (this->byteStorageEmpty()) {
+        if ((start >= _storageSequence.size()) || !N) {
             return;
         }
 
-        std::ranges::copy(this->_byteStorage | std::views::split(AdcTokenNetMessage::tokenDelimiter),
-                          std::back_inserter(r));
+        std::ranges::copy(_storageSequence | std::views ::drop(start) | std::views::take(N), std::back_inserter(r));
     }
 
+
+    template <traits::adc_output_char_range R>
+    void tokensBytes(R& r, size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
+    {
+        if (byteStorageEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ((start >= _storageSequence.size()) || !N) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto max_el = _storageSequence.size() - start;
+        N >= max_el ? max_el * 2 - 1 : N * 2 - 1;
+
+        std::ranges::copy(_outputSequence | std::views::drop(start * 2) | std::views::take(N), std::back_inserter(r));
+    }
+
+    const output_seq_t& storageSeq() override
+    {
+        // nothing special, just returns the reference
+        return _outputSequence;
+    }
+
+
+    template <std::input_iterator IterT>
+    void appendFromBytes(IterT begin, IterT end)
+    {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::iter_value_t<IterT>, char>, "INVALID ITERATOR VALUE TYPE!!!");
+
+        auto curr_n_toks = _storageSequence.size();
+        auto n_toks = utils::AdcSplitCharRangeToTokens(_storageSequence, std::span(begin, end), tokenDelimiter);
+
+        if (n_toks) {
+            n_toks += curr_n_toks;
+
+            if (curr_n_toks) {
+                _outputSequence.emplace_back(tokenDelimiter);  // add delimiter in output sequence
+            }
+            _outputSequence.emplace_back(_storageSequence[curr_n_toks]);
+
+            for (auto i = curr_n_toks + 1; i < n_toks; ++i) {
+                _outputSequence.emplace_back(tokenDelimiter);  // add delimiter in output sequence
+                _outputSequence.emplace_back(_storageSequence[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    template <std::input_iterator IterT>
+    void setFromBytes(IterT begin, IterT end)
+    {
+        _storageSequence.clear();
+        _outputSequence.clear();
+
+        appendFromBytes(begin, end);
+    }
+
+
+
 protected:
-    // std::vector<ByteStorageT> _tokens;
-
-    void updateState() override {}
+    void updateState() override
+    {
+        if (_outputSequence.size()) {
+            _outputSequence.emplace_back(tokenDelimiter);  // add delimiter in output sequence
+        }
+        _outputSequence.emplace_back(_storageSequence.back());
+    }
 };
 
 
 template <const char* KEY_PARAM_DELIM = constants::ADC_DEFAULT_KEY_PARAM_DELIMITER,
-          const char* PARAM_PARAM_DELIM = constants::ADC_DEFAULT_PARAM_PARAM_DELIMITER,
-          std::ranges::output_range<char> ByteStorageT = std::vector<char>>
-class AdcKeyParamNetMessage : public AdcGenericNetMessage<ByteStorageT>
+          const char* PARAM_PARAM_DELIM = constants::ADC_DEFAULT_PARAM_PARAM_DELIMITER>
+class AdcKeyParamNetMessage : protected AdcTokenNetMessage<PARAM_PARAM_DELIM>
 {
-    using base_t = AdcGenericNetMessage<ByteStorageT>;
-
 public:
     static constexpr std::string_view keyparamDelimiter{KEY_PARAM_DELIM};
     static constexpr std::string_view paramparamDelimiter{PARAM_PARAM_DELIM};
 
-    using typename base_t::byte_storage_t;
-    using typename base_t::storage_seq_t;
+    AdcKeyParamNetMessage() = default;
 
-    using base_t::base_t;
+    template <typename KeyT, typename... ParamTs>
+    AdcKeyParamNetMessage(const KeyT& key, const ParamTs&... params) : AdcKeyParamNetMessage()
+    {
+        setKeyParam(key, params...);
+    }
 
     virtual ~AdcKeyParamNetMessage() = default;
 
     // key and params
     template <typename KeyT, typename... ParamTs>
-    void setKeyParam(KeyT&& key, ParamTs&&... params)
+    void setKeyParam(const KeyT& key, const ParamTs&... params)
     {
-        this->_byteStorage = ByteStorageT();
+        _key.clear();
+        this->_storageSequence.clear();
+        this->_outputSequence.clear();
+
+        if constexpr (traits::adc_input_char_range<KeyT> || traits::formattable<KeyT>) {
+            std::ranges::copy(key, std::back_inserter(_key));
+        } else if constexpr (traits::formattable<KeyT>) {
+            std::format_to(std::back_inserter(_key), "{}", key);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "INVALID KEY-VALUE TYPE!!!");
+        }
+
+        this->_outputSequence.emplace_back(_key);
 
         if constexpr (sizeof...(ParamTs)) {
-            this->setBytes(std::forward<KeyT>(key), keyparamDelimiter);
-            setKeyParamHelper(std::forward<ParamTs>(params)...);
-        } else {
-            this->setBytes(std::forward<KeyT>(key));
+            this->setTokens(params...);
         }
     }
 
 
     template <traits::adc_output_char_range R>
-    R key() const
+    void key(R& r) const
     {
-        R val;
-
-        if (this->byteStorageEmpty()) {
-            return val;
-        }
-
-        auto v = this->_byteStorage | std::views::split(keyparamDelimiter);
-
-        std::ranges::copy(v | std::views::take(1), std::back_inserter(val));
-
-        return val;
-    }
-
-    template <std::ranges::output_range<ByteStorageT> R>
-    R params(size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
-    {
-        R pars;
-
-        if (this->byteStorageEmpty() || !N) {
-            return pars;
-        }
-
-        auto v = this->_byteStorage | std::views::split(keyparamDelimiter);
-
-        size_t k, num = N, n_pars = std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), v.end()) - 1;
-        if (!n_pars) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_convertible_v<std::string, R>) {
             return;
         }
 
-        n_pars = 0;
-        for (auto& p : v | std::views::drop(1)) {
-            auto pv = p | std::views::split(paramparamDelimiter);
-            n_pars += std::ranges::distance(pv.begin(), pv.end());
-            if (n_pars < start) {
-                k = start - n_pars;
-                continue;
-            } else {
-                k = 0;
-            }
+        std::ranges::copy(_key, std::back_inserter(r));
+    }
 
-            std::ranges::copy(pv | std::views::drop(k) | std::views::take(num), std::back_inserter(pars));
-            num -= std::ranges::distance(pars.begin(), pars.end());
-            if (!num) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return pars;
+    template <traits::adc_output_range_of_char_range_c R>
+    void params(R& r, size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
+    {
+        this->tokens(r, start, N);
     }
 
 
     template <traits::adc_output_char_range R>
-    R paramsBytes(size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
+    void paramsBytes(R& r, size_t start = 0, size_t N = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) const
     {
-        R pars_bytes;
-
-        if (this->byteStorageEmpty() || !N) {
-            return pars_bytes;
-        }
-
-        auto p = params<std::vector<ByteStorageT>>(start, N);
-
-        if (std::ranges::distance(p.begin(), p.end())) {
-        }
-
-        return pars_bytes;
+        this->tokensBytes(r, start, N);
     }
 
 protected:
-    template <typename ParamT, typename... ParamTs>
-    void setKeyParamHelper(ParamT&& param, ParamTs&&... params)
-    {
-        this->appendBytes(std::forward<ParamT>(param));
+    std::string _key;
+    // _outputSequence will store parameters
 
-        if constexpr (sizeof...(ParamTs)) {
-            this->appendBytes(paramparamDelimiter);
-            setKeyParamHelper(std::forward<ParamTs>(params)...);
+    void updateState() override
+    {
+        if (this->_outputSequence.size()) {
+            this->_outputSequence.emplace_back(paramparamDelimiter);  // add param-param delimiter in output sequence
+        } else {
+            this->_outputSequence.emplace_back(keyparamDelimiter);  // add key-param delimiter in output sequence
         }
+
+        this->_outputSequence.emplace_back(this->_storageSequence.back());
     }
 };