eddys_snippets/getopt/cmdlnopts/parseargs.c

/*
 * parseargs.c - parsing command line arguments & print help
 *
 * Copyright 2013 Edward V. Emelianoff <eddy@sao.ru>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
 * MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */

#include <stdio.h>  // printf
#include <getopt.h> // getopt_long
#include <stdlib.h> // calloc, exit, strtoll
#include <assert.h> // assert
#include <string.h> // strdup, strchr, strlen
#include <strings.h>// strcasecmp
#include <limits.h> // INT_MAX & so on
#include <libintl.h>// gettext
#include <ctype.h>  // isalpha
#include "parseargs.h"
#include "usefull_macros.h"

char *helpstring = "%s\n";

/**
 * Change standard help header
 * MAY consist ONE "%s" for progname
 * @param str (i) - new format
 */
void change_helpstring(char *s){
    int pcount = 0, scount = 0;
    char *str = s;
    // check `helpstring` and set it to default in case of error
    for(; pcount < 2; str += 2){
        if(!(str = strchr(str, '%'))) break;
        if(str[1] != '%') pcount++; // increment '%' counter if it isn't "%%"
        else{
            str += 2; // pass next '%'
            continue;
        }
        if(str[1] == 's') scount++; // increment "%s" counter
    };
    if(pcount > 1 || pcount != scount){ // amount of pcount and/or scount wrong
        /// "îÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ"
        ERRX(_("Wrong helpstring!"));
    }
    helpstring = s;
}

/**
 * Carefull atoll/atoi
 * @param num (o) - returning value (or NULL if you wish only check number) - allocated by user
 * @param str (i) - string with number must not be NULL
 * @param t   (i) - T_INT for integer or T_LLONG for long long (if argtype would be wided, may add more)
 * @return TRUE if conversion sone without errors, FALSE otherwise
 */
static bool myatoll(void *num, char *str, argtype t){
    long long tmp, *llptr;
    int *iptr;
    char *endptr;
    assert(str);
    assert(num);
    tmp = strtoll(str, &endptr, 0);
    if(endptr == str || *str == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
        return FALSE;
    switch(t){
        case arg_longlong:
            llptr = (long long*) num;
            *llptr = tmp;
        break;
        case arg_int:
        default:
            if(tmp < INT_MIN || tmp > INT_MAX){
                /// "ãÅÌÏÅ ×ÎÅ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏÇÏ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ"
                WARNX(_("Integer out of range"));
                return FALSE;
            }
            iptr = (int*)num;
            *iptr = (int)tmp;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

// the same as myatoll but for double
// There's no NAN & INF checking here (what if they would be needed?)
static bool myatod(void *num, const char *str, argtype t){
    double tmp, *dptr;
    float *fptr;
    char *endptr;
    assert(str);
    tmp = strtod(str, &endptr);
    if(endptr == str || *str == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
        return FALSE;
    switch(t){
        case arg_double:
            dptr = (double *) num;
            *dptr = tmp;
        break;
        case arg_float:
        default:
            fptr = (float *) num;
            *fptr = (float)tmp;
        break;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Get index of current option in array options
 * @param opt (i) - returning val of getopt_long
 * @param options (i) - array of options
 * @return index in array
 */
static int get_optind(int opt, myoption *options){
    int oind;
    myoption *opts = options;
    assert(opts);
    for(oind = 0; opts->name && opts->val != opt; oind++, opts++);
    if(!opts->name || opts->val != opt) // no such parameter
    showhelp(-1, options);
    return oind;
}

/**
 * reallocate new value in array of multiple repeating arguments
 * @arg paptr - address of pointer to array (**void)
 * @arg type - its type (for realloc)
 * @return pointer to new (next) value
 */
void *get_aptr(void *paptr, argtype type){
    int i = 1;
    void **aptr = *((void***)paptr);
    if(aptr){ // there's something in array
        void **p = aptr;
        while(*p++) ++i;
    }
    size_t sz = 0;
    switch(type){
        default:
        case arg_none:
            /// "îÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÂÅÚ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×!"
            ERRX("Can't use multiple args with arg_none!");
        break;
        case arg_int:
            sz = sizeof(int);
        break;
        case arg_longlong:
            sz = sizeof(long long);
        break;
        case arg_double:
            sz = sizeof(double);
        break;
        case arg_float:
            sz = sizeof(float);
        break;
        case arg_string:
            sz = 0;
        break;
    /*  case arg_function:
            sz = sizeof(argfn *);
        break;*/
    }
    aptr = realloc(aptr, (i + 1) * sizeof(void*));
    *((void***)paptr) = aptr;
    aptr[i] = NULL;
    if(sz){
        aptr[i - 1] = malloc(sz);
    }else
        aptr[i - 1] = &aptr[i - 1];
    return aptr[i - 1];
}


/**
 * Parse command line arguments
 * ! If arg is string, then value will be strdup'ed!
 *
 * @param argc (io) - address of argc of main(), return value of argc stay after `getopt`
 * @param argv (io) - address of argv of main(), return pointer to argv stay after `getopt`
 * BE CAREFUL! if you wanna use full argc & argv, save their original values before
 *      calling this function
 * @param options (i) - array of `myoption` for arguments parcing
 *
 * @exit: in case of error this function show help & make `exit(-1)`
  */
void parseargs(int *argc, char ***argv, myoption *options){
    char *short_options, *soptr;
    struct option *long_options, *loptr;
    size_t optsize, i;
    myoption *opts = options;
    // check whether there is at least one options
    assert(opts);
    assert(opts[0].name);
    // first we count how much values are in opts
    for(optsize = 0; opts->name; optsize++, opts++);
    // now we can allocate memory
    short_options = calloc(optsize * 3 + 1, 1); // multiply by three for '::' in case of args in opts
    long_options = calloc(optsize + 1, sizeof(struct option));
    opts = options; loptr = long_options; soptr = short_options;
    // in debug mode check the parameters are not repeated
#ifdef EBUG
    char **longlist = MALLOC(char*, optsize);
    char *shortlist = MALLOC(char, optsize);
#endif
    // fill short/long parameters and make a simple checking
    for(i = 0; i < optsize; i++, loptr++, opts++){
        // check
        assert(opts->name); // check name
#ifdef EBUG
        longlist[i] = strdup(opts->name);
#endif
        if(opts->has_arg){
            assert(opts->type != arg_none); // check error with arg type
            assert(opts->argptr);  // check pointer
        }
        if(opts->type != arg_none) // if there is a flag without arg, check its pointer
            assert(opts->argptr);
        // fill long_options
        // don't do memcmp: what if there would be different alignment?
        loptr->name     = opts->name;
        loptr->has_arg  = (opts->has_arg < MULT_PAR) ? opts->has_arg : 1;
        loptr->flag     = opts->flag;
        loptr->val      = opts->val;
        // fill short options if they are:
        if(!opts->flag && opts->val){
#ifdef EBUG
            shortlist[i] = (char) opts->val;
#endif
            *soptr++ = opts->val;
            if(loptr->has_arg) // add ':' if option has required argument
                *soptr++ = ':';
            if(loptr->has_arg == 2) // add '::' if option has optional argument
                *soptr++ = ':';
        }
    }
    // sort all lists & check for repeating
#ifdef EBUG
    int cmpstringp(const void *p1, const void *p2){
        return strcmp(* (char * const *) p1, * (char * const *) p2);
    }
    int cmpcharp(const void *p1, const void *p2){
        return (int)(*(char * const)p1 - *(char *const)p2);
    }
    qsort(longlist, optsize, sizeof(char *), cmpstringp);
    qsort(shortlist,optsize, sizeof(char), cmpcharp);
    char *prevl = longlist[0], prevshrt = shortlist[0];
    for(i = 1; i < optsize; ++i){
        if(longlist[i]){
            if(prevl){
                if(strcmp(prevl, longlist[i]) == 0) ERRX("double long arguments: --%s", prevl);
            }
            prevl = longlist[i];
        }
        if(shortlist[i]){
            if(prevshrt){
                if(prevshrt == shortlist[i]) ERRX("double short arguments: -%c", prevshrt);
            }
            prevshrt = shortlist[i];
        }
    }
#endif
    // now we have both long_options & short_options and can parse `getopt_long`
    while(1){
        int opt;
        int oindex = 0, optind = 0; // oindex - number of option in argv, optind - number in options[]
        if((opt = getopt_long(*argc, *argv, short_options, long_options, &oindex)) == -1) break;
        if(opt == '?'){
            opt = optopt;
            optind = get_optind(opt, options);
            if(options[optind].has_arg == NEED_ARG || options[optind].has_arg == MULT_PAR)
                showhelp(optind, options); // need argument
        }
        else{
            if(opt == 0 || oindex > 0) optind = oindex;
            else optind = get_optind(opt, options);
        }
        opts = &options[optind];
        if(opt == 0 && opts->has_arg == NO_ARGS) continue; // only long option changing integer flag
        // now check option
        if(opts->has_arg == NEED_ARG || opts->has_arg == MULT_PAR)
            if(!optarg) showhelp(optind, options); // need argument
        void *aptr;
        if(opts->has_arg == MULT_PAR){
            aptr = get_aptr(opts->argptr, opts->type);
        }else
            aptr = opts->argptr;
        bool result = TRUE;
        // even if there is no argument, but argptr != NULL, think that optarg = "1"
        if(!optarg) optarg = "1";
        switch(opts->type){
            default:
            case arg_none:
                if(opts->argptr) *((int*)aptr) += 1; // increment value
            break;
            case arg_int:
                result = myatoll(aptr, optarg, arg_int);
            break;
            case arg_longlong:
                result = myatoll(aptr, optarg, arg_longlong);
            break;
            case arg_double:
                result = myatod(aptr, optarg, arg_double);
            break;
            case arg_float:
                result = myatod(aptr, optarg, arg_float);
            break;
            case arg_string:
                result = (*((void**)aptr) = (void*)strdup(optarg));
            break;
            case arg_function:
                result = ((argfn)aptr)(optarg);
            break;
        }
        if(!result){
            showhelp(optind, options);
        }
    }
    *argc -= optind;
    *argv += optind;
}

/**
 * compare function for qsort
 * first - sort by short options; second - sort arguments without sort opts (by long options)
 */
static int argsort(const void *a1, const void *a2){
    const myoption *o1 = (myoption*)a1, *o2 = (myoption*)a2;
    const char *l1 = o1->name, *l2 = o2->name;
    int s1 = o1->val, s2 = o2->val;
    int *f1 = o1->flag, *f2 = o2->flag;
    // check if both options has short arg
    if(f1 == NULL && f2 == NULL){ // both have short arg
        return (s1 - s2);
    }else if(f1 != NULL && f2 != NULL){ // both don't have short arg - sort by long
        return strcmp(l1, l2);
    }else{ // only one have short arg -- return it
        if(f2) return -1; // a1 have short - it is 'lesser'
        else return 1;
    }
}

/**
 * Show help information based on myoption->help values
 * @param oindex (i)  - if non-negative, show only help by myoption[oindex].help
 * @param options (i) - array of `myoption`
 *
 * @exit:  run `exit(-1)` !!!
 */
void showhelp(int oindex, myoption *options){
    int max_opt_len = 0; // max len of options substring - for right indentation
    const int bufsz = 255;
    char buf[bufsz+1];
    myoption *opts = options;
    assert(opts);
    assert(opts[0].name); // check whether there is at least one options
    if(oindex > -1){ // print only one message
        opts = &options[oindex];
        printf("  ");
        if(!opts->flag && isalpha(opts->val)) printf("-%c, ", opts->val);
        printf("--%s", opts->name);
        if(opts->has_arg == 1) printf("=arg");
        else if(opts->has_arg == 2) printf("[=arg]");
        printf("  %s\n", _(opts->help));
        exit(-1);
    }
    // header, by default is just "progname\n"
    printf("\n");
    if(strstr(helpstring, "%s")) // print progname
        printf(helpstring, __progname);
    else // only text
        printf("%s", helpstring);
    printf("\n");
    // count max_opt_len
    do{
        int L = strlen(opts->name);
        if(max_opt_len < L) max_opt_len = L;
    }while((++opts)->name);
    max_opt_len += 14; // format: '-S , --long[=arg]' - get addition 13 symbols
    opts = options;
    // count amount of options
    int N; for(N = 0; opts->name; ++N, ++opts);
    if(N == 0) exit(-2);
    // Now print all help (sorted)
    opts = options;
    qsort(opts, N, sizeof(myoption), argsort);
    do{
        int p = sprintf(buf, "  "); // a little indent
        if(!opts->flag && opts->val) // .val is short argument
            p += snprintf(buf+p, bufsz-p, "-%c, ", opts->val);
        p += snprintf(buf+p, bufsz-p, "--%s", opts->name);
        if(opts->has_arg == 1) // required argument
            p += snprintf(buf+p, bufsz-p, "=arg");
        else if(opts->has_arg == 2) // optional argument
            p += snprintf(buf+p, bufsz-p, "[=arg]");
        assert(p < max_opt_len); // there would be magic if p >= max_opt_len
        printf("%-*s%s\n", max_opt_len+1, buf, _(opts->help)); // write options & at least 2 spaces after
        ++opts;
    }while(--N);
    printf("\n\n");
    exit(-1);
}

/**
 * get suboptions from parameter string
 * @param str - parameter string
 * @param opt - pointer to suboptions structure
 * @return TRUE if all OK
 */
bool get_suboption(char *str, mysuboption *opt){
    int findsubopt(char *par, mysuboption *so){
        int idx = 0;
        if(!par) return -1;
        while(so[idx].name){
            if(strcasecmp(par, so[idx].name) == 0) return idx;
            ++idx;
        }
        return -1; // badarg
    }
    bool opt_setarg(mysuboption *so, int idx, char *val){
        mysuboption *soptr = &so[idx];
        bool result = FALSE;
        void *aptr = soptr->argptr;
        switch(soptr->type){
            default:
            case arg_none:
                if(soptr->argptr) *((int*)aptr) += 1; // increment value
                result = TRUE;
            break;
            case arg_int:
                result = myatoll(aptr, val, arg_int);
            break;
            case arg_longlong:
                result = myatoll(aptr, val, arg_longlong);
            break;
            case arg_double:
                result = myatod(aptr, val, arg_double);
            break;
            case arg_float:
                result = myatod(aptr, val, arg_float);
            break;
            case arg_string:
                result = (*((void**)aptr) = (void*)strdup(val));
            break;
            case arg_function:
                result = ((argfn)aptr)(val);
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }
    char *tok;
    bool ret = FALSE;
    char *tmpbuf;
    tok = strtok_r(str, ":,", &tmpbuf);
    do{
        char *val = strchr(tok, '=');
        int noarg = 0;
        if(val == NULL){ // no args
            val = "1";
            noarg = 1;
        }else{
            *val++ = '\0';
            if(!*val || *val == ':' || *val == ','){ // no argument - delimeter after =
                val = "1"; noarg = 1;
            }
        }
        int idx = findsubopt(tok, opt);
        if(idx < 0){
            /// "îÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ: %s"
            WARNX(_("Wrong parameter: %s"), tok);
            goto returning;
        }
        if(noarg && opt[idx].has_arg == NEED_ARG){
            /// "%s: ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ!"
            WARNX(_("%s: argument needed!"), tok);
            goto returning;
        }
        if(!opt_setarg(opt, idx, val)){
            /// "îÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ \"%s\" ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ \"%s\""
            WARNX(_("Wrong argument \"%s\" of parameter \"%s\""), val, tok);
            goto returning;
        }
    }while((tok = strtok_r(NULL, ":,", &tmpbuf)));
    ret = TRUE;
returning:
    return ret;
}